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In the 1950s and 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement changed the course of history in America forever. Many of the places that created the environment for such monumental change are right here in our own backyard. Alabama’s role in the Civil Rights Movement is undeniable. All across the state, our cities and towns became the backdrop for sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, and protests that opened the world’s eyes to the inequality, injustice, and bigotry prevalent throughout our country. Nearly 70 years later, the sacrifices many Americans made to advance the cause for equality are more important than ever. And now more than ever, it’s important to reflect on that history.
Spanning 120 landmarks across 15 Southern states (plus Washington D.C.), the U.S. Civil Rights Trail allows individuals to follow the story of thousands of brave Americans fighting for change. The recently released official U.S. Civil Rights Trail book takes visitors on a journey through school integration, protest marches, freedom rides, and sit-ins, but the best way to learn is to visit the sites themselves on a civil rights themed road trip.
In Alabama alone, take a road trip to see 8 different cities and learn about the role each played in the movement. Alabama’s destinations include Anniston, Monroeville, Scottsboro, Tuscaloosa, Birmingham, Montgomery, Selma, and Tuskegee. If you don’t have time to complete the entire road trip, it’s easy to take a day trip or weekend to explore a city at a time.
Here’s our guide to civil rights landmarks in Anniston, Monroeville, Scottsboro, and Tuscaloosa.
(This is part of a series on Alabama’s Civil Rights Trail)
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Anniston
In Anniston, located an hour east of Birmingham, you can learn all about the Freedom Riders’ harrowing journey as they protested segregated bus seating. On May 14, 1961, seven members of the Congress of Racial Equality boarded a Greyhound bus in Atlanta on its way to Birmingham. Though the U.S. Supreme Court declared segregated buses to be unconstitutional the year before, the South was still enforcing the practice. When the bus made a pitstop in Anniston, an angry mob attacked the bus, breaking its windows, slashing its tires, and eventually setting the entire vehicle on fire. Luckily, all the passengers were able to escape the violent attack. Today, you can see the site of the infamous bus burning, as well as the former Greyhound bus station in downtown Anniston, both operated by the National Park Service. The bus station and Trailways station are part of the Anniston Civil Rights and Heritage Trail, which includes nine driving tour stops that tell stories associated with Anniston’s civil rights history.
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(Civil Rights Trail/civilrightstrail.com)
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Monroeville
Famed Alabama author Harper Lee put Monroeville on the map. The tiny south Alabama town of less than 6,000 was the inspiration behind the fictional town of Maycomb in Lee’s Pulitzer-prize winning novel “To Kill a Mockingbird.” The book explores themes of race, justice, and America’s legal system during the Civil Rights Movement and was based on Lee’s own experiences watching her father, a local lawyer, defend wrongfully accused Black Americans. In Monroeville, you can get the full Harper Lee tour, but if you only have a few hours to visit, you absolutely must visit the Old Courthouse Museum. The museum offers a real-life interpretation of the courthouse described in “To Kill a Mockingbird,” giving incredible insight into the world Lee grew up in in the 1930s. In addition to the remodeled courtroom, the museum features exhibits about Harper Lee, her childhood best friend Truman Capote, and the area’s rich civil rights history.
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(Civil Rights Trail/civilrightstrail.com)
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Scottsboro
In 1931, the north Alabama town of Scottsboro made national news when nine young Black men were arrested and falsely accused of raping two white women. After multiple all-white juries found the boys, aged 13–21, guilty of the crime, the country was in uproar. Protests were springing up all over the country as many people’s eyes were opened to the extreme racial injustice in the country’s legal system, especially in the southern states. Eventually one of the women confessed she had given a false testimony and the case landed in the Supreme Court, where five of the boys were acquitted but the four others received lesser sentences that would take more than 20 years to clear. Today, you can take a deep dive into the Scottsboro Nine’s legacy at the Scottsboro Boy’s Museum & Cultural Center. Located in the former Joyce Chapel United Methodist Church, the museum is located near the very railroad tracks where the boys were accused while riding a train to Memphis and just a few blocks from the courthouse where they first stood trial.
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(Civil Rights Trail/civilrightstrail.com)
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Tuscaloosa
The University of Alabama may be best known for its championship-winning football team and academic excellence today, but not long ago it was the site of one of the state’s most shameful civil rights events. In 1963, Alabama governor George C. Wallace famously stood in the doorway of Foster Auditorium on the University of Alabama’s campus in an attempt to thwart desegregation and physically bar Black students Vivian Malone and James Hood from entering the building. The event painted a vivid picture for Americans across the country of the struggles Black Americans still faced in the South, and eventually President Kennedy called in the Alabama National Guard to assist Malone and Hood in entering the building. Today, the building serves as a multipurpose event facility hosting several school sports, graduations, lectures, and events. In 2005, it was declared a National Historic Landmark. More details about the famous “Stand in the Schoolhouse Door” can be found on a historical marker outside the building.
Be sure to also check out our guides to exploring additional parts of the trail in Birmingham, Montgomery, Selma, and Tuskegee.
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(Art Meripol/civilrightstrail.com)
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